什么是搖滾 Rock？
搖滾 Rock
搖滾樂是流行音樂的一種形式，通常由顯著的人聲伴以吉他、鼓和貝斯演出，很多形態(tài)的搖滾樂也使用鍵盤樂器，如風(fēng)琴、鋼琴、電子琴或合成器。其他樂器，比如 薩克斯管、口琴、小提琴、笛、班卓琴、口風(fēng)琴或定音鼓有時也被應(yīng)用在搖滾樂之中。此外，不太出名的曼陀鈴或錫塔琴等弦樂器也被使用過。搖滾樂經(jīng)常有強勁的 強拍，圍繞電吉他，空心電吉他，以及木吉他展開。
搖滾樂源自于1940和1950年代的“rock and roll”運動及rockabilly，此二者是由布魯斯音樂，鄉(xiāng)村音樂及其他音樂形式演進(jìn)而來。All Music Guide雜志認(rèn)為，“最純粹的搖滾樂形式有三個和弦層次，一段有力而連貫的背景節(jié)奏，及吸引人的旋律。早期搖滾樂師從頗多，主要是布魯斯 樂，R&B，鄉(xiāng)村音樂；同時也被宗教福音，傳統(tǒng)流行樂，爵士樂和民間音樂影響。所有的這些影響都匯集到一個簡單的、基于布魯斯的歌曲結(jié)構(gòu)中，它節(jié) 奏快，引人起舞，引人陶醉。”
在20世紀(jì)60年代晚期，搖滾樂與民間音樂的融合產(chǎn)生出民謠搖滾，與布魯斯的融合產(chǎn)生了布魯斯搖滾樂，還與爵士樂融合產(chǎn)生出融合爵士樂。在某個不確定的時 期又產(chǎn)生了迷幻搖滾。在70年代，搖滾樂吸納了來自靈魂樂，放克以及拉丁音樂的元素。與此同時，搖滾樂產(chǎn)生出許多下屬類型，比如軟性搖滾，重金屬，硬搖 滾，前衛(wèi)搖滾及朋克搖滾。20世紀(jì)80年代產(chǎn)生的搖滾類型包括合成器流行樂，硬核朋克以及另類搖滾。在90年代，這些類型中又加入了油漬搖滾，英倫搖滾， 獨立搖滾和新金屬。
專門演奏搖滾樂的藝人團(tuán)體被稱為搖滾樂隊或搖滾樂手。大部分搖滾樂團(tuán)包括吉他手，主唱，貝斯手和鼓手，組成一個四人陣容。部分樂隊取消了這其中的一個或幾 個角色或者讓主唱同時擔(dān)負(fù)起演奏樂器的任務(wù)，由此成為一個二人或三人組合。另外的樂團(tuán)會增補一個或兩個節(jié)奏吉他手或者一個鍵盤手。在比較罕見的情況下，樂 隊會使用諸如小提琴或大提琴這樣的弦樂器，或者薩克斯管，小號，長號這樣的管樂器。
搖滾樂不僅唱出人們對愛情，美好生活的追求，還發(fā)泄出對現(xiàn)實世界的不滿，涉及到戰(zhàn)爭與和平，民主與政治等方面。其種類、風(fēng)格繁雜，從幾個大的方面來看，現(xiàn) 代搖滾的發(fā)展主要基于黑人音樂、地下文化、現(xiàn)代科技以及“后現(xiàn)代”浪潮，形成以“金屬”、“朋克”、“歌德”、“迷幻”、“說唱”、“黑色氛圍”為主要風(fēng) 格的非主流音樂。
Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s' and 1950s' rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources.
Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with bass guitar and drums. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature utilizing a verse-chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse and common musical characteristics are difficult to define. Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. The dominance of rock by white, male musicians has been seen as one of the key factors shaping the themes explored in rock music. Rock places a higher degree of emphasis on musicianship, live performance, and an ideology of authenticity than pop music.
By the late 1960s, referred to as the "golden age" or "classic rock" period, a number of distinct rock music sub-genres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, and jazz-rock fusion, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the counter-cultural psychedelic scene. New genres that emerged from this scene included progressive rock, which extended the artistic elements; glam rock, which highlighted showmanship and visual style; and the diverse and enduring major sub-genre of heavy metal, which emphasized volume, power, and speed. In the second half of the 1970s, punk rock both intensified and reacted against some of these trends to produce a raw, energetic form of music characterized by overt political and social critiques. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of other sub-genres, including new wave, post-punk and eventually the alternative rock movement. From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop, and indie rock. Further fusion sub-genres have since emerged, including pop punk, rap rock, and rap metal, as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock's history, including the garage rock/post-punk and synthpop revivals at the beginning of the new millennium.
Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements, leading to major sub-cultures including mods and rockers in the UK and the hippie counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures. Inheriting the folk tradition of the protest song, rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race, sex and drug use, and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity.
搖滾樂源自于1940和1950年代的“rock and roll”運動及rockabilly，此二者是由布魯斯音樂，鄉(xiāng)村音樂及其他音樂形式演進(jìn)而來。All Music Guide雜志認(rèn)為，“最純粹的搖滾樂形式有三個和弦層次，一段有力而連貫的背景節(jié)奏，及吸引人的旋律。早期搖滾樂師從頗多，主要是布魯斯 樂，R&B，鄉(xiāng)村音樂；同時也被宗教福音，傳統(tǒng)流行樂，爵士樂和民間音樂影響。所有的這些影響都匯集到一個簡單的、基于布魯斯的歌曲結(jié)構(gòu)中，它節(jié) 奏快，引人起舞，引人陶醉。”
在20世紀(jì)60年代晚期，搖滾樂與民間音樂的融合產(chǎn)生出民謠搖滾，與布魯斯的融合產(chǎn)生了布魯斯搖滾樂，還與爵士樂融合產(chǎn)生出融合爵士樂。在某個不確定的時 期又產(chǎn)生了迷幻搖滾。在70年代，搖滾樂吸納了來自靈魂樂，放克以及拉丁音樂的元素。與此同時，搖滾樂產(chǎn)生出許多下屬類型，比如軟性搖滾，重金屬，硬搖 滾，前衛(wèi)搖滾及朋克搖滾。20世紀(jì)80年代產(chǎn)生的搖滾類型包括合成器流行樂，硬核朋克以及另類搖滾。在90年代，這些類型中又加入了油漬搖滾，英倫搖滾， 獨立搖滾和新金屬。
專門演奏搖滾樂的藝人團(tuán)體被稱為搖滾樂隊或搖滾樂手。大部分搖滾樂團(tuán)包括吉他手，主唱，貝斯手和鼓手，組成一個四人陣容。部分樂隊取消了這其中的一個或幾 個角色或者讓主唱同時擔(dān)負(fù)起演奏樂器的任務(wù)，由此成為一個二人或三人組合。另外的樂團(tuán)會增補一個或兩個節(jié)奏吉他手或者一個鍵盤手。在比較罕見的情況下，樂 隊會使用諸如小提琴或大提琴這樣的弦樂器，或者薩克斯管，小號，長號這樣的管樂器。
搖滾樂不僅唱出人們對愛情，美好生活的追求，還發(fā)泄出對現(xiàn)實世界的不滿，涉及到戰(zhàn)爭與和平，民主與政治等方面。其種類、風(fēng)格繁雜，從幾個大的方面來看，現(xiàn) 代搖滾的發(fā)展主要基于黑人音樂、地下文化、現(xiàn)代科技以及“后現(xiàn)代”浪潮，形成以“金屬”、“朋克”、“歌德”、“迷幻”、“說唱”、“黑色氛圍”為主要風(fēng) 格的非主流音樂。
Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s' and 1950s' rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources.
Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with bass guitar and drums. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature utilizing a verse-chorus form, but the genre has become extremely diverse and common musical characteristics are difficult to define. Like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. The dominance of rock by white, male musicians has been seen as one of the key factors shaping the themes explored in rock music. Rock places a higher degree of emphasis on musicianship, live performance, and an ideology of authenticity than pop music.
By the late 1960s, referred to as the "golden age" or "classic rock" period, a number of distinct rock music sub-genres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, and jazz-rock fusion, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the counter-cultural psychedelic scene. New genres that emerged from this scene included progressive rock, which extended the artistic elements; glam rock, which highlighted showmanship and visual style; and the diverse and enduring major sub-genre of heavy metal, which emphasized volume, power, and speed. In the second half of the 1970s, punk rock both intensified and reacted against some of these trends to produce a raw, energetic form of music characterized by overt political and social critiques. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of other sub-genres, including new wave, post-punk and eventually the alternative rock movement. From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop, and indie rock. Further fusion sub-genres have since emerged, including pop punk, rap rock, and rap metal, as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock's history, including the garage rock/post-punk and synthpop revivals at the beginning of the new millennium.
Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements, leading to major sub-cultures including mods and rockers in the UK and the hippie counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures. Inheriting the folk tradition of the protest song, rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race, sex and drug use, and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity.
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